Doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Zvěřina CSc., Member of the European Parliament

6. Brief History of Japan

10,000-300 B.C. Jomon period

    10,000-300 B.C. Jomon period, Brief History of Japan |
  • Gathering, hunting, and fishing
  • Production of clay vessels and images





300 B.C.-300 Yayoi period

  • Rice agriculture
  • Iron and bronze-making brought from Korea and China
  • Development of social hierarchy
300 B.C.-300 Yayoi period, Brief History of Japan | 300 B.C.-300 Yayoi period, Brief History of Japan |







300-538 Kofun period

  • Construction of large tombs (kofun) for deceased leaders
  • Unification of the country of Japan
  • Strong military states centered around powerful clans
  • The Yamato court as a central administration and an imperial court system
300-538 Kofun period, Brief History of Japan | 300-538 Kofun period, Brief History of Japan | 300-538 Kofun period, Brief History of Japan | 300-538 Kofun period, Brief History of Japan |








538-710 Aska period

    Prince Shotoku, 538-710 Aska period, Brief History of Japan |
  • Introduction of Buddhism
  • 604 Prince Shotoku s Constitution of seventeen articles
  • 645 The Taika reform adoption of Chinese cultural practices and the Chinese administrative structure



710-784 Nara period

    710-784 Nara period , Brief History of Japan |
  • Construction of Buddhist temples







794-1185 Heian period

  • The Fujiwara era
  • The Taira clan led by Taira Kiyomori takes over the power, succeeded by the Minamoto clan
Kimono (Juni hitoe), 794-1185 Heian period, Brief History of Japan | Kimono (Juni hitoe), 794-1185 Heian period, Brief History of Japan | Heian Architecture, 794-1185 Heian period, Brief History of Japan | Heian Architecture, 794-1185 Heian period, Brief History of Japan |








1192-1333 Kamakura period

    Minamoto Yoritomo, 1192-1333 Kamakura period, Brief History of Japan |
  • The emergence of a ruling class of warriors (the samurai)
  • 1192 Shogun (General) Minamoto Yoritomo formed the Kamakura government
  • 1274, 1281 Repel the Mongols invasions


1338-1573 Muromachi period

    Kinkaku-ji, 1338-1573 Muromachi period, Brief History of Japan |
  • 1334 Kemmu restoration: the emperor restores power
  • Conflict and unification of the Southern and Northern courts
  • 1467-1477 Onin war
  • 1542 Introduction of firearms and Christianity from Portugal
  • Sengoku period = the warring states
  • Active commercial and cultural exchange with the West and China

1573-1603 Azuchi Momoyama period

  • Toyotomi Hideyoshi reunited the country
Oda Nobunaga and Dutch traders, 1573-1603 Azuchi Momoyama period, Brief History of Japan | Oda Nobunaga, 1573-1603 Azuchi Momoyama period, Brief History of Japan | Azuchi Castle, 1573-1603 Azuchi Momoyama period, Brief History of Japan |








1603-1867 Edo Period

  • 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu establishes the Tokugawa government in Edo (Tokyo)
  • Persecution of Christianity
  • Isolation from the rest of the world by barring almost all the relations with Europeans except for restricted contacts with Dutch merchants for 250 years
  • Popular culture flourishes
  • 1854 Commodore Matthew Perry forces to open ports for trade
Perry drawn by Japanese, 1603-1867 Edo Period, Brief History of Japan | Matthew Perry, 1603-1867 Edo Period, Brief History of Japan | Ukiyoe, 1603-1867 Edo Period, Brief History of Japan | Ukiyoe, 1603-1867 Edo Period, Brief History of Japan | Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, 1603-1867 Edo Period, Brief History of Japan |








1868-1912 Meiji period

  • 1868 Meiji restoration retuned power to the emperor
  • 1889 The Meiji Constitution is promulgated
  • 1894-95 Sino-Japanese War
  • 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
  • 1910 Annexation of Korea
1868-1912 Meiji period, Brief History of Japan | 1868-1912 Meiji period, Brief History of Japan | Ryoma Sakamoto, 1868-1912 Meiji period, Brief History of Japan |








1912-1926 Taisho period

  • Taisho democracy - popular democratic movement
  • Expansionism in Japan
  • 1914-18 WWI - allied forces
  • 1923 The Great Kanto earthquake
Cotton mill, 1912-1926 Taisho period, Brief History of Japan | 1912-1926 Taisho period, Brief History of Japan | Students of the era, 1912-1926 Taisho period, Brief History of Japan |








1926-1989 Showa period

  • 1931 Manchurian incident
  • 1937 Second Sino-Japanese War
  • 1941 Pearl Harbor attack and Pacific war
  • 1945 Atomic bombings over Hiroshima and Nagasaki
  • 1945 Unconditional surrender
  • 1946 The new Constitution is promulgated
  • 1945-1952 American Occupation (American bases still exist in Okinawa today)
  • 1956 Becomes member of the UN
American occupation, 1926-1989 Showa period, Brief History of Japan | Hiroshima after the bomb, 1926-1989 Showa period, Brief History of Japan | Atomic explosion, 1926-1989 Showa period, Brief History of Japan |








1989- Heisei period

  • 1995 The Great Hanshin Earthquake
  • 1995 AUM sect Sarin Gas attack in the Tokyo subway
Sarin, 1989- Heisei period, Brief History of Japan | Great Hanshin Earthquake, 1989- Heisei period, Brief History of Japan |
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